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IS.1.1. Equality of Opportunity - Definitions:


D1. Fairness: Equal distribution of the opportunities is the point of reference for judgement of fair versus unfair inequality.

D.2. Equality of Opportunity - Substantial: Equality of opportunity requires that all individuals have the same chances to obtain valuable outcomes.

D.3. Equality of Opportunity - Formal: Non-discrimination, prescribing that all individuals should be treated equally.

D.4. Circumstances: That which is out of control of an individual's effort. 

D.5. Effort: That for which individual is held responsible i.e. which is within the reach or control of an individual. 

D.6. Compensation Principal: To compensate individuals for the unfair disadvantage due to their circumstances. 

D.7. Reward Principal: To reward individuals for the fair advantage due to their effort. 


E.1. Two scenarios are now as follows: 

I. For each Effort level, there can be many individuals each facing a different Circumstance. 

II. For each Circumstance, there can be many individuals each providing a different Effort level. 


Reference: Osberg, L. (2019). Could" Equality of Opportunity" among Commoners Suffice?. Dalhousie University, Department of Economics Working Papers, (daleconwp2019-01).

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