D1. Fairness: Equal distribution of the opportunities is the point of reference for judgement of fair versus unfair inequality.
D.2. Equality of Opportunity - Substantial: Equality of opportunity requires that all individuals have the same chances to obtain valuable outcomes.
D.3. Equality of Opportunity - Formal: Non-discrimination, prescribing that all individuals should be treated equally.
D.4. Circumstances: That which is out of control of an individual's effort.
D.5. Effort: That for which individual is held responsible i.e. which is within the reach or control of an individual.
D.6. Compensation Principal: To compensate individuals for the unfair disadvantage due to their circumstances.
D.7. Reward Principal: To reward individuals for the fair advantage due to their effort.
E.1. Two scenarios are now as follows:
I. For each Effort level, there can be many individuals each facing a different Circumstance.
II. For each Circumstance, there can be many individuals each providing a different Effort level.
Reference: Osberg, L. (2019). Could" Equality of Opportunity" among Commoners Suffice?. Dalhousie University, Department of Economics Working Papers, (daleconwp2019-01).